Rationale and Thomas Aquinas

This is the third post in my series on argument mapping with Rationale. The previous posts are Argument Mapping with Rationale and More on Argument Mapping with Rationale.

To further practice argument mapping, I decided to map Thomas Aquinas’ Five Ways. These purport to be logical proofs for the existence of God. Thomas Aquinas was a theologian in the 13th century CE. Apparently, Aquinas’ writings still influence the teaching of the Catholic Church today.

Aquinas argued that the existence of God could be proved in five ways:

  1. the unmoved mover
  2. the first cause
  3. the argument from contingency
  4. the argument from degree
  5. the argument from design

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International Blasphemy Rights Day

International Blasphemy Rights Day, held each year on September 30, is a day to show solidarity with those who challenge oppressive laws and social prohibitions against free expression, to support the right to challenge prevailing religious beliefs without fear of violence, arrest, or persecution.

Source: International Blasphemy Rights Day | Campaign for Free Expression

I did not know this. They should have t-shirts.

I was thinking about writing some obscenity about God or Allah, but what would be the point?

INTRODUCING… JESUS AND MO

In a world defined by outrage and offence and liberal spinelessness, Jesus and Mo is a treasure, whose value we should never fail to recognize. Read them. Laugh. And think.

Source: INTRODUCING… JESUS AND MO | Pandaemonium

An excellent post by Keenan Malik about the Jesus and Mo cartoons that I have shared several times previously. Do consider supporting the cartoonist’s work through Patreon.

More on Argument Mapping with Rationale

In a previous post, I gave an overview of Rationale, the browser-based argument mapping software. In the diagram below, you can see summaries of the structure. The top half uses the Advanced Reasoning toolbox and, the bottom half is displayed in the standard reasoning toolbox. The significant difference is that the advanced structures allow for multiple premises within a reason; obviously, the premises must be related to each other.

Rat05 adv simp

Argument Map Structure—at the top, Advanced Reasoning layout. At the bottom, standard Reasoning. Click for larger image.

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Cartoon Coincidence

The juxtaposition of these two cartoons in my daily GoComics feed made me smile more than either.

Garfield-WTD

Argument Mapping with Rationale

One of my current personal projects is to work on improving my critical thinking skills. During the course of my web peregrinations, I stumbled across Rationale. It is a web-based tool for diagramming the structure of an argument: building an argument map. It is aimed largely at education and is intended to help teach critical thinking.

What is Argument Mapping?

Wikipedia defines argument mapping:

In informal logic and philosophy, an argument map is a visual representation of the structure of an argument. It includes the components of an argument such as a main contention, premises, co-premises, objections, rebuttals, and lemmas. Typically an argument map is a “box and arrow” diagram with boxes corresponding to propositions and arrows corresponding to relationships such as evidential support.

Chalkboard

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Old Music, New Find

Like millions of people I signed up for the three months’ free trial of Apple Music. Here’s something I found as a result:

Who knew Jack Sparrow could sing?

Did the ‘Prophet’ Muhammad Suffer from Temporal Lobe Epilepsy?

If there is but a single religious figure from human history that people should be discouraged from emulating, it’s the founder of the Islamic religion, Muhammad. Should you possess the stomach to read through the compendium of medieval torture pornography that is the Qur’an and the Islamic Hadiths, you’ll see what I’m talking about. Muhammad, according to his own religion’s sacred scripture, was a murderous paedophile, and a child-wife-beater. This is, of course, a somewhat oversimplified description of a character who also possessed charitable, loving, gentle and benevolent qualities as well, but I shall leave the starry-eyed doting over Muhammad to both Muslims and irrationally romanticising scholars like Karen Armstrong, and just focus on his contemptible and capricious conduct. But we must ask; what was it about Muhammad that made him so extremely kind on the one hand, yet so insanely violent, licentious and brutal, on the other? Was he simply a product of his environment, or was there something seriously wrong with his brain?

Source: Did the ‘Prophet’ Muhammad Suffer from Temporal Lobe Epilepsy?

An interesting read.

The Argument from Felinity

hairball

Source: The Argument from Felinity « Why Evolution Is True

This made made laugh.

Why You Can’t Help Believing Everything You Read

Believe first, ask questions later

Not only that, but their conclusions, and those of Spinoza, also explain other behaviours that people regularly display:

  • Correspondence bias: this is people’s assumption that others’ behaviour reflects their personality, when really it reflects the situation.
  • Truthfulness bias: people tend to assume that others are telling the truth, even when they are lying.
  • The persuasion effect: when people are distracted it increases the persuasiveness of a message.
  • Denial-innuendo effect: people tend to positively believe in things that are being categorically denied.
  • Hypothesis testing bias: when testing a theory, instead of trying to prove it wrong people tend to look for information that confirms it. This, of course, isn’t very effective hypothesis testing!

Source: Why You Can’t Help Believing Everything You Read – PsyBlog

Although this post is almost six years old, it is still interesting reading. It’s certainly consistent with my recent post about Fox News.